Little Women in Boston (episode 171)

Transcript

Music

Nikki:
[0:04] Welcome to Hub history, where we go far beyond the Freedom Trail to share our favorite stories from the history of Boston. The Hub of the Universe.
This is Episode 1 71 Little Women in Boston Hi, I’m Nikki.
This week we’re talking about Louisa May Alcott and the publication of Little Women.
It has been said that with the Pending of the semi autobiographical novel Little Women, Alcott launched the notion of the All American Girl,
with both Sewell and Quincy ancestry a sharp mind coupled with a determination to succeed and a life guided by progressive values.
Alcott herself was certainly an all Boston girl.
We’ll discuss her long journey to overnight success and wrap up the episode with an interview with Serena.
A 1,000,000,000 now portraying Jo in the Wheelock Family Theater’s production of Little Women. The musical.

[0:57] Before we begin, I have what I think is very exciting news to share.
Longtime listeners may recall Episode 18 in which we discussed the incredible life of Dr Rebecca Lee Crumpler, the first black female medical doctor trained in the United States.
She graduated in 18 64 from the New England Female Medical College in Boston, Dr Crumpler and her husband, Arthur, are buried in an unmarked grave at Fairview Cemetery in Hyde Park.
The friends of the Hyde Park Library and the Hyde Park Historical Society are currently raising $5000 for a simple gravestone to honor these two remarkable individuals.
We’ll include a link to support the project in this week’s show. Notes.
Now it’s time for this week’s Boston Book Club selection and our upcoming historical event.

[1:46] Our pick for the Boston Book Club this week is Inside the Combat Zone.
The stripped down story of Boston’s most notorious neighborhood by Stephanie Schorow on the author’s website.
Inside the combat zone is described as follows.
Upscale restaurants, majestic theaters and luxury condos line the streets of downtown Boston.
Today, students, office workers, doctors and shoppers navigate the busy sidewalks along Washington and Boylston streets, giving little thought to the historical significance of their surroundings.
The bustle distracts passersby from what may be the city’s dirtiest little secret.
These blacks were once home to Boston’s most notorious neighborhood.
The combat zone, a five plus acre city sanctioned adult entertainment district, was assorted and alluring as anything found in Amsterdam or Vegas.
Indeed, Boston’s now Tony neighborhood once resembled the set of HBO’s The Deuce, all with the blessing of city officials.
Schorow recounts the stories that make the combat zone infamous.
Meet the dancers who stripped to punk rock. The cops who tried to keep order on the streets and the hookers who turned tricks and slipped wallets from gullible tourists,
go beyond the enticing marquees promoting all nude revues to discover how the zone in an era dogged by miserable economics, remained one of Boston’s most profitable neighborhoods.

[3:15] With inside the combat zone.
Schorow examines the constitutional and societal issues that led Boston to engineer an odd ashes social experiment heralded across the nation as the solution to the pornography epidemic.
She introduces the players who made it all possible and the antics and tragedies that unfolded as a result of their decisions.
The streets come alive through interviews with former city planners, strippers and porn merchants.
Some nostalgically recall the combat zone as a seductive adult playground where men and women alike found the freedom to express themselves.
Others remember it as a dangerous, crime ridden neighborhood.
Schorow deftly captures our moment in Boston’s history that helped shape the city today, and that will likely never be seen again will link to the book in this week’s show notes, as well as an interview in which Schorow discusses the book and her draw to the subject matter,
and for upcoming event this week, I’d like to share to walking tours that will be available for the upcoming long weekend.
In honor of President’s Day, Our friends over at Boston by foot have devised special walking tours that will allow you to see Boston through the eyes of our 1st 2 presidents.
George Washington is up first with the Tour on Saturday, February 16. Here’s how Boston by foot describes it.

[4:39] This walk follows the first president on his six day visit to Boston as part of his post inaugural tour of New England 230 years ago.
In 17 89 Boston was on the cusp of transformation, its economy rebounding from the Warriors with its advances in industry, technology and commerce on show.
For this most important of visitors, Boston and 17 89 was still a town, not a city.
Charles Bulfinch had yet to create his many churches and civic landmarks, and the hills of the Shaman Peninsula were not yet plundered for their gravel in landfill.
As a side note, you can get more context for Boston in 17 89 from Episode 1 47 where we trace the trial and execution of the so called pirate Rachel Wall.
What was the last woman to be executed in Massachusetts? And she was hanged on the common just days before Washington’s presidential visit, back to Boston by foot.
In part, we will walk the route of the Civic Parade, organized for Washington’s arrival stop by many of the sites where he visited, worshipped and, yes, slept and learn about Governor Hancocks.
Political miscalculation when President Washington came to town.

[5:56] And because even now, almost 225 years later John Adams still play second fiddle to George Washington, The Adams family tour will be held on Monday, February 17.
Their description begins with the words of 24 year old John Adams describing the bustling town of Boston in 17 59.
My eyes are so diverted with chimney sweeps. Carriers of wood merchants, ladies, priest carts, horses, oxen, coaches, market men and women, soldiers, sailors and my years with the rattle gabble of them all.

[6:34] Follow the words in history of four generations of Adams’s from their experiences at the Old State House through Beacon Hill and into Back Bay,
John Abigail and their descendants were prolific writers the trove of documents they left behind Intimately describes their lives, Public Service and Boston on the eve of the revolution to the turn of the 20th century.
Both tours begin at 1 p.m. Both cost $15 for non members, and both tours meet near the Old State House.
Check out this week’s show notes at Hub history dot com slash 171 for links to more information about how to register and where to meet.
And now it’s time for this week’s main topic.

[7:19] I’ve come across to quote a few times, though I’m not sure who to attribute it to.
You don’t grow up to walk two steps behind your husband when you’ve met Jo March.
The same could probably be said of Louisa May Alcott, in which case you may not take a husband at all, choosing to, in her words, paddle your own Canoe Alcott.
It’s unconventional. Nature isn’t surprising when you look to her parents and her upbringing.
She was born on November 29th 18 32 in Philadelphia.
The youngest daughter of transcendentalist and educator Amos Bronson Alcott and social worker Abby May.
Luisa or Lou was the second of four daughters.
Anna Bronson Alcott was the eldest. Elizabeth Sewell Alcott and Abigail Mae Alcott were the two youngest.
The family moved to Boston in 18 34 when Bronson established an experimental school and joined the Transcendental Club with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
The Temple School, which operated out of the Tremont Temple, closed after a brief six year run.
Alcott. It’s frank discussions with the students about the Gospels.
Birth and circumcision were considered highly indecent when he admitted a black girl into the class, the school’s fate was sealed, families withdrew and the temple school closed in 18 40.

[8:47] Bronson Alcott’s opinions on education and tough use on child rearing as well as his moments of mental instability, shaped young Louise’s mind with a desire to achieve perfection.
A goal of the transcendentalist with whom the family connected his attitudes toward Louisa’s independent behavior and his inability to provide for his family created conflict between Bronson Alcott, his wife and his daughters.
Abigail resented her husband’s inability to recognize her sacrifices and related his thoughtlessness to the larger issue of In equality of the Sexes.
She passed this recognition and a desire to redress thes wrongs done to women onto Louisa.
In 18 43 the Alcott family moved along with several others to the utopian Fruit Lands community for a brief interval in 18 43 to 18 44.
Historian Joan Goodwin describes their time there.
Fruit Land made use of no animal products or labor, except as Abigail Alcott observed fourth out of women.
She and her small daughters struggled to keep the household and farm going while the men went about the countryside philosophizing.

[10:03] After the collapse of the utopian fruit lands, they moved on to rented rooms and finally with Abigail May Alcott’s inheritance and financial help from Emerson.
They purchased a homestead and conquered.
They moved into this home and named it Hillside on April 1st, 18 45 while at Hillside, Bronson and Abby put their abolitionist views into practice.
The National Park Service details this activity in the house that would later become known as the wayside.

[10:35] By April of 18 45 the wayside, then dubbed Hillside, was owned by Bronson and Abigail Alcott, whose Children were Ana, Luisa Elizabeth and May in late 18 46.
In early 18 47 the Alcott aided at least one runaway, enslaved men on his flight to Freedom along the Underground Railroad, Mrs. Alcott wrote to her brother in January 18 47.
We have had an interesting fugitive here for two weeks, right from Maryland.
He was anxious to get to Canada, and we have Florida at him. The best way we could hiss sufferings have been great, his intrepidity unparalleled.
He agrees with us about boycotting slave produce, he says. It is the only way the abolition of the sleeve can ever be affected, he says. It will never be done by insurrection.
Bronson Alcott described the arrival of a fugitive slave in his journal, noting he is scarce, 30 years old, athletic, dextrous, sagacious and self relying.
He has many of the elements of a hero.
His stay with us has given image and a name to the dire entity of slavery and was an impressive lesson to my Children, bringing before them the wrongs of the black man and his tales of woe.

[11:57] The family moved in 18 50 to selling to Nathaniel Hawthorne, who renamed the Home the Wayside.
The Alcott smoothed 22 times in 30 years. Poverty made it necessary for Louisa to Goto work at an early age as a teacher, seamstress, governess, domestic helper and eventually, as a writer.
Her sister’s also supported the family, working as seamstresses while their mother took on social work among the Irish immigrants, becoming one of the first paid social workers in Boston.
Louisa quickly tired of their life of genteel poverty and struggle.
She is quoted as saying, I wish I was rich.
I was good and we were all a happy family. This day it’s clear that she was driven in life, Not to be poor.
Louisa’s first book were in an 18 49 was Flower Fables.
Ah, Selection of Tales originally written for Ellen Emerson, daughter of Ralph Waldo.
She then wrote a story entitled How I Went Out to Service, which was based on her experience working as a domestic helper in Dead Um Kit Haggard, director of the Boston Literary District, tells us the story of what happened next.

[13:13] Shortly after, in 18 62 Alcott lived briefly with her second cousin, Annie Adams.
Adams was a writer herself author of a number of sentimentalists novels as well, a sketches of the many literary figures in her life, including Longfellow, Emerson and Hawthorne.
In later years, she was the close companion and, it is suspected, the lover of American novelist Sarah Orange. Ooh, it at the time when Alcott stayed with her, however, she was married to publisher and editor James T. Fields.
At some point during the period in which Alcott was staying with Adams and Fields, she showed him her story.
How I went out to service with the hope of seeing it in the Atlantic Monthly, Fields famously advised Alcott.
Stick to your teaching. You can’t write.
He gave Alcott $40 to support the kindergarten she had recently opened, suggesting that she could repay the loan when she made a pot of gold.

[14:13] The kindergarten was ultimately short lived, but nothing could have galvanized her more.
In her journal, she wrote, I won’t teach and I can write and I’ll prove it.
And in fact, she did see several pieces appear in the Atlantic Monthly when the American Civil War broke out.
She served as a nurse at the Union Hospital in Georgetown for six weeks from 18 62 to 18 63.
She intended to serve three months, is a nurse. But halfway through she contracted typhoid and became deathly ill.
Though she eventually recovered her letters home were revised and published in the Boston anti slavery paper Commonwealth and collected as hospital sketches in 18 63.
They were republished with additions in 18 69. This work brought her first critical recognition for her observations and humor.
She wrote about the mismanagement of hospitals and the indifference and callousness of some of the surgeons she encountered.
Her main character, Tribulation Perry Winkle, showed a passage from innocence to maturity and bore witness to the war.

[15:24] After her recovery in the mid 18 sixties, Louisa wrote passionate and fiery novels under the nom de Plume A M. Bernard.
Among those are along Fatal Love, Chase and Pauline’s Passion and Punishment.
She also produced stories for Children, and after they became popular, she did not go back to writing for adults.
In 18 68 her publisher recommended that she write a book about girls that would have widespread appeal.
At first, she resisted, preferring to publish a collection of her short stories.
Her publisher pressed her to rate the girl’s book first, and he was aided by her father, who also urged her to do so.
Louisa confided to a friend, I could not write a girl’s story, knowing little about any but my own sisters and always preferring boys,
as quoted in and Boyd Ruse, Meg Jo Beth Amy, a condensed biographical account of all cots, life and writing.

[16:24] Of this experience, Alcott wrote in her journal, Niles, partner of Roberts, asked me to write a girl’s book. I said I’d try.
Alcott set her novel in an imaginary orchard house modeled on her own residents of the same name where she wrote the novel.
She later recalled that she did not think she could write a successful book for girls and did not enjoy writing it.
I plot away, she wrote in her diary, although I don’t enjoy this sort of thing.

[16:54] By June, Alcott had sent the first dozen chapters denials, and both agreed that they were dull.
But Niles is Nisa Lily All Me read them and said that she enjoyed them.
The completed manuscript was shown to several girls who agreed. It was splendid, Alcott wrote.
They’re the best critics, so I should definitely be satisfied.

[17:17] The book’s immediate success surprised both her and her publisher.
The first printing of 2000 copies sold out quickly, and the company had trouble keeping up with the demand for additional printings, they announced.
The great literary hit of the season is undoubtedly Miss Alcott’s Little Women, the orders for which continue to flow in upon us to such an extent as to make it impossible to answer them with promptness.
Alcott delivered the manuscript for the second volume on New Year’s Day, 18 69 just three months after publication of Part one.
In the late 20th century, additions began to combine both portions in tow. One book under the name Little Women with the Ladder written portion, marked his part,
Kit Hagar details what must have been a sweet moment of success in a block post she wrote in 2019 for Historic Boston ing a few years after the publication of Little Women.
Alcott wrote to James Fields, who had rejected her not so many years before, saying, Once upon a time you let me $40 kindly saying that I might return them when I made a pot of gold.
As the miracle has been unexpectedly rot, I wish to fulfill my part of the bargain and herewith repay my debt with many thanks.

[18:36] Historian Joan Goodwin explains how the publication of Little Women changed all Koch trajectory.
From this point on, Louisa May Alcott was a victim of her own success, though she yearned to do more serious fiction.
Children’s books flowed from her pen for the rest of her life because they supported her family, Louisa herself wrote.
20 years ago, I resolved to make the family independent if I could.
At 40 that is done.
Debts all paid, even the outlawed ones, and we have enough to be comfortable.
It has cost me my health perhaps, but as I still live, there is more for me to do, I suppose.

[19:16] Goodwin goes on to write that now. Alcott gave her energy to practical reforms, women’s rights and temperance.
She attended the Women’s Congress of 18 75 and Syracuse, where she was introduced to Mary Livermore.
She contributed to Lucy Stones Woman’s Journal while organizing conquered women to vote in the school election.
Was the first woman to register my name as a voter, she wrote, drove about and drummed up women to my suffrage meeting so hard to move people out of the old ruts and again helped start a temperance society much needed. In Concord.
I was secretary and wrote records, letters and sent pledges, et cetera of her many activities.
Marriage was not one of them, she explained her spinster hood in an interview with Louise Chandler molten.
I am more than half persuaded that I am a man’s soul, put by some freak of nature into a woman’s body because I have fallen in love with so many pretty girls and never once the least bit with any man.

[20:21] In 18 77 Alcott was one of the founders of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union in Boston, and after her youngest sister, May, died in 18 79.
Louisa took over the care of her niece. Lulu, who was named after Louisa Alcott, suffered chronic health problems in her later years, including vertigo.
Her father suffered a stroke in 18 82 and Luisa moved him to 10 Louisburg Square on Beacon Hill on March 1st, 18 88.
As Louisa was sitting with Bronson, he said to her, I am going up, Come with me and she responded, I wish I could.
He died three days later, on March 4th, and Luisa died just two days after him.
150 years later, little women endures with the latest film version, recently hitting theaters and Little Women, the musical playing at the Wheelock Family Theater through February 23rd,
to discuss the production’s connection to the novel and why you might want to catch the show.
Sirena Rebellion is calling in from backstage.

Nikki Interview:
[21:30] Surrender. Oh, welcome to the show. Could you kick things off by.

Sirena Interview:
[21:32] Thank you so much for having me.

Nikki Interview:
[21:36] Telling our listeners how this production little women, the musical picks up from little Women, the novel which many of our listeners will know in love?

Sirena Interview:
[21:47] Sure, So our story does a beautiful job of going back and forth and really highlighting the most iconic moments in Louisa May Alcott story.
Unfortunately, as much as we wish we could put every single, beautiful experience that the March sisters have, we’d be here all day and night.
But we do highlight some of the most beautiful, precious and growing moments in each of the characters.
Ah, in a beautiful, beautiful way. Our cast is amazing and, of course, our musical, so we make it as entertaining as possible on Dhe.
It’s It’s just it’s a lot. It’s a lot of fun. I think we breathed life into the characters in a way that you might not have thought of or experienced when reading the book on your own.

Nikki Interview:
[22:30] Awesome. So how do you prepare for a role in a production that set in the 19th century, Particularly when you’re then also playing a character that’s based on somebody who is so well known and loved?

Sirena Interview:
[22:43] Right? So the amazing thing about working with we lock is that we have spent so much time really diving into the text and figuring out the nuances of how it was written for us to be performing it and as well our own,
experiences and the interpretations of it.
As we all know, all of these roles, regardless of what year they were written are applicable to how we are as women and human beings today, regardless of gender, but,
something so magical of being able to take, like you said, an iconic character such as Jo and Understand.
But the journey and the struggles that she faces back in the 18 sixties are somewhat unfortunately also still occurring today in our modern world.
And, you know, taking bits of our own experiences as as a woman in, you know, the creative industry and being able Thio navigate you know, the struggles and how that felt like for me and just growing up and, you know, having friends and having lost and going through grieve.
They go through everything that we go through. Ah, and it is beautifully set in a beautiful time period.
And we just kind of get Thio, transplant it into our own modern, modern view of things and be able to speak life into the lines in such a manner.

Nikki Interview:
[23:58] That’s an excellent Segway and kind of an answer also to my next question.
You know, little women is definitely having a moment right now with the film release. But I would also argue that little women has never not had a moment pretty much since it was released.
So, you know, my question was gonna be like, Why do you think the novel has has held up so well over time and I feel like you really touched on a lot of that already.

Sirena Interview:
[24:25] Yeah, I mean, like I said, it’s as much as we are continuously,
fighting for what we believe is right and, you know, gender equality and,
you know, pay equality and all that sort of sort of stuff There there will always be this coming of age, regardless of if you’re a teenager or if your character like Marmee, who’s,
trying to reflect and organize how to take care of of a strong,
group of female women, I think what makes it so relatable decade after decade is that the way that Louisa May Alcott wrote these stories as a reflection of her own life is the truth.
And I think it’s sometimes rare to be able to find a piece of literature that so well reflects the truth and not only reflects it but shines a light on it.
That makes us feel almost like okay and safe about the fact that we are also going through all of these things.
And it’s not pretty when we do so, and her story isn’t pretty at times, and it doesn’t end for many readers the way they wanted it to end as well.
And I think I mean, I think that’s life. So when you get to see a piece of work that mirrors what you’re going through, it’s just it becomes a part of you forever and ever.

Nikki Interview:
[25:36] Yeah, I know that Louisa May Alcott actually got a lot of hate mail about the ending in the fact that Joe did not marry Laurie. People were very, very upset about that.

Sirena Interview:
[25:41] Yes, Yes, she did.

[25:47] Yes.

Nikki Interview:
[25:48] It was like, um, the game of Thrones debacle of its day. Really?

Sirena Interview:
[25:52] You’re so sure you’re sorry?

Nikki Interview:
[25:54] Um, so for listeners who are not familiar with the wheel like family theater, the theater offers, you know, productions that are professional and affordable and the appeal to Children and their families.
And, you know, for some of your young audience members, this may be their first exposure to the theater.
I think theater is a really powerful tool to introduce Children to history because it’s so immersive. Um, with all the themes that are happening in this production, what do you hope that your young audience members take away?

Sirena Interview:
[26:29] I hope that they are empowered more than anything to not forget about that starry look in their eye. Or, you know, that sometimes we can see the world through.
What is that pink pink glasses? What pink lenses, Whatever. Whatever that phrases grows.
That’s the word. That’s what I’m looking for. It Rose colored glasses, Um, that that there is so much beauty in that and that you shouldn’t let anyone quiet that voice or that desire to,
to be bigger than yourself and to be very true and honest with yourself.
And we see that in all of the characters, not only the female characters in the young characters, but also in, you know, the male roles to that, they only become themselves when they’re able to continue to believe in what they believe in the strongest.
And I think throughout all of the musical numbers in the fun that we have on stage, I just think it’s a very empowering story for people of all ages, regardless of if you’re, you know, a little girl dreaming of getting to the stage or becoming a world.
For now, a writer, as Jo likes to say, or, you know if you’re the mother of those or father of those Children and just, you know, needing that extra,
that extra push and reassurance that you don’t have to forget about about the whimsy of what it is to to enjoy life.

Nikki Interview:
[27:43] So I just have one last question for you. It’s a very important question, though. Which little woman do you most identify with? And I know that you’re playing Jo. But if you put that aside, who do you most identify with?

Sirena Interview:
[27:46] Oh, uh.

[27:52] Right.

[27:56] I would say it would be a combination of probably Amy and Jo.
I Yeah, because I have Joe’s very out spoken stubbornness at will and more so, Amy’s stubbornness a love it as well.

Nikki Interview:
[28:02] Oh, right on.

Sirena Interview:
[28:12] But But I do find that that it’s almost like this beautiful.
My knowledge of the two characters that I think would would be most similar to me. I don’t think I’m nearly as I think Joe’s a lot braver than I ever was, or at least I’m becoming.
And in that sense, I’d like to think I may be a little bit more of an Amy where I just pout about things if I can’t get my way. But Joe’s bravery is definitely something that I’m trying to lean into as much as possible. So she’s teaching me a lot the more I work with her as a character.

Nikki Interview:
[28:43] Yeah, I imagine that later in life, Jo and Amy were very, very close because they are two sides of the same coin.

Sirena Interview:
[28:47] Yes, yes, precisely, huh?

Nikki Interview:
[28:50] But I have always identified as an Amy. I’m the youngest sibling, and I like nice things.

Sirena Interview:
[28:53] Is it? Yeah.

Nikki Interview:
[28:56] You know, like, there’s a I think Amy gets a bad rep and, you know, there’s the whole, like, lime incident. But you know what? I like limes, and I like nice things.

Sirena Interview:
[28:59] She does.
Okay. Yeah, Yes.

Nikki Interview:
[29:07] Um, Serena, it’s been great to chat with you. I know that you have to run to a rehearsal right now.

Sirena Interview:
[29:08] Yes. Likewise.
Yes.

Nikki Interview:
[29:14] Um, but I hope many of our listeners will come see you at the theater.

Sirena Interview:
[29:18] I hope so too. Were having so much fun here. We just can’t wait to share this story with everybody.

Nikki Interview:
[29:22] Great. Thank you.

Nikki:
[29:24] Toe. Learn more about Louisa May Alcott. Check out this week’s show notes at hub history dot com slash 171,
We’ll have links to Luisa’s page on the Boston Women’s Heritage Trail, Kit, Haggard’s Block, post, the National Parks, Profile of the wayside and more.
And of course, we’ll also have links to information about our upcoming event and inside the Combat zone, this week’s Boston Book Club pick.
As I wrap up, I want to thank everyone who sponsors Hub history on patriotic.
Over the past year, you’ve allowed us to start providing transcripts with each episode and finally to get the show listed on Spotify, which is the fastest growing podcast app.
If you’re not supporting the show and you’d like to just go to patriot dot com slash hub history or visit hope history dot com and click on the support link before I let you go.
I have some recent reader feedback to share.
One of our latest reviews on Apple podcasts is an endorsement of our show as entertainment for epic road trips.
Ryan wrote fascinating history. I suggested to my step Dad that he listened to one episode.
We ended up listening for 2288 miles round trip to Alabama. Thanks so much.

[30:40] And after Mark M. From You tracked in the Netherlands started supporting us on Patri on, we asked him how he ended up listening to a show about Boston history.
He wrote back in part, I’ve been a long time listener to your podcast. I don’t even quite remember how I first learned about it.
I think it may have been suggested by a friend of mine who lives in Jamaica Plain a little over a year ago or earlier.
I’m not sure either way.
I’ve always found your show both very interesting and endearing.
It’s clearly a labor of love.
I regularly binge on a couple of episodes at a time on the weekend, and my favorite episodes are usually the last ones I’ve heard.
Although I found the episodes about the regicide and the events surrounding the glorious revolution particularly interesting as they’ve allowed me to make direct connections between Dutch and New England history.
The thing is, I’ve always been interested in history in general, but in particular I’ve always loved to be able to relate greater historical events, toe local places, and your podcast is great for that.
Mark also suggested an episode about settlers from Watertown who moved into the Connecticut River Valley and provoked tensions with New Amsterdam, basically providing 1/17 century basis for the Yankees and Red Sox rivalry.
Mark, thank you for the kind words, and we’ll put your suggestion on the to do list.

[32:03] We love getting listener episode suggestions. If you want to suggest a topic or leave us any other feedback, you can email us at podcast at hub history dot com.
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Music

Nikki:
[32:38] Jake will be back next week to talk about their red scare in Park Square.